In / At / On

Parts of speech

Phrasal Verbs and their different meanings الأفعال الناقصة ومعانيها المختلفة

In today’s post, I’d like to share with you this inforgraphic by Grammar.net to introduce verbs + prepositions and those ‘dreaded’ phrasal verbs!

Take a look at this:

[Infographic provided by Grammar.net]
Are you familiar with these phrasal verbs and those verb + preposition combinations or verb phrases?
Verb Phrases
Here are some example sentences for those verb phrases:
agree with – “I have to agree with Martin on this one. If we don’t act fast, we will lose the contract”.
look forward to – “I look forward to meeting your family next week” (following verb in the                                  +ing form )
“I am looking forward to my holiday next week” (noun)
concentrate on – “Could I have some quiet, please? I need to concentrate on this email.”                                   (noun)
“I am finding it really hard to concentrate on writing this draft                                                   contract”. (following verb in the +ing form )
Phrasal Verbs
And now for some example sentences for the phrasal verbs. The infographic gives you some of the different meanings of each phrasal verb. I have decided to add more meanings to some of the phrasal verbs so that you can see the variety of ways these phrasal verbs can be used.
work out

• to solve a problem by considering the facts – “I can’t work out what to do with this situation.
• to solve a problem by doing a calculation – “I was born in 1956, you work out my age”.
• to exercise – “I love working out in the mornings”.
• to be successful - “I am sure that everything will work out in the end”.
• to decide or agree on something –  ” We have worked out when to start our course”.
• used for saying what the actual cost or value is when you calculate it – “Taking the Eurostar works out more expensive than travelling with EasyJet”.

turn down

• to refuse – “She turned down their job offer”
• to reduce the volume - “Can you turn down the TV, please?”
• to ready the bed for sleeping - “Sir, would you like me to turn down the beds?” (This is an old use of the expression but you can still hear it in 5-star or 6-star hotels where this service is still offered)

break down

• cease to function - “The washing machine has broken down again”.
• separate into sections – ” The task can be broken down in smaller, manageable sections”.
• relationships or discussion - “The Economic Talks in Beijing broke down after two days”.
• become upset, especially in public – “People broke down and cried when they heard the news”.
• make a door or wall fall - “The police had to break down the door in order to enter the flat”.

use up

• to consume all of something - “Have you used up all the eggs?”
  (NB: I have never heard of the other example of the use of this phrasal verb as shown in the infographic)

bring up

• a topic of conversation – “OK, everyone. I’d like to bring up the topic of waste disposal”.
• raise a child (often used in the passive voice)- “We were brought up to respect our elders”.
• vomit - “During the car journey, she brought up all her lunch! It was disgusting!”

turn up

• increase power/sound – “It’s so hot in here. Could you please turn up the air conditioning?”
• arrive (often unexpectedly or with no prior arrangement) – “Look who just turned up?” ”You don’t have to make a reservation. You can just turn up”.
• to find (by accident) – “Hey, look what just turned up? I have been looking for these documents everywhere”.
• to happen unexpectedly- “Don’t worry. Another job offer will turn up when you least expect it”.

I cannot stress enough how important it is to learn the different uses of these phrasal verbs in the context of a sentence and not in isolation. Many of my clients think they need to memorise the uses but I always tell them that to do so is pointless and in fact, meaningless. If there is no context, there is no meaning and therefore will be impossible to remember.
I hope you found this post helpful.

Prepositions AT, IN, ON for places – MIND MAP حروف جر المكان :

Click on the picture اضغط على الصورة 

Prepositions of time حروف جر الوقت

Click on the picture اضغط على الصورة

Past-continuous

english tenses alllllllllllllll

English grammar (tenses)

ٍSimple Present:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
every day sometimes always often usually seldom never first ... then	something happens repeatedly how often something happens one action follows another things in general with the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.) future meaning: timetables, programs.	Infinitive he/she/it + -s	I work. He works. I go. He goes.	Do I work? Does he work? Do I go?   Does he go?
			Examples negative
			I don't work. He doesn't work. I don't go. He doesn't go.

                Correct the verbs between brackets:

1-The weather usually (get) cold in winter.     

2-Ali always (come) late to school.

3-We (visit) my uncle every Friday.

Make negative sentences.

1.     My father makes breakfast. →

2.     They are eleven. →

3.     She writes a letter. →

Make questions.

1.    you / speak / English →

2.    when / he / go / home →

Present continuous:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
now at the moment Look! Listen!	something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)	to be (am/are/is) + Infinitive + ing	I'm working. He's working. I'm going. He's going.	Am I working? Is he working? Am I going? Is he going?
			Examples negative
			I'm not working. He isn't working. I'm not going. He isn't going.

Put the verbs into present progressive.

1.      My sister ( clean)………….. the bathroom.

2.      Look! They ( go)…………..inside.

Rewrite the sentences using the negative forms.

1.      We are playing a game. →

2.      I'm drawing a picture. →

Write questions in present progressive.

1.      Robin / ride / his bike –

2.      where / she / go –

Simple past:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
last ... ... ago    in 1990 yesterday	action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present)	regular: Infinitive + -ed irregular: go – went	I worked. He worked. I went. He went.	Did I work? Did he work?
			Examples negative
			I didn't work. He didn't work. I didn't go. He didn't go.

Complete the table in simple past.

positive	negative	question
Jane was tired.
	Sean did not work.
		Did I have a cat?
	Mary did not sing.
		Did she see us?

Past continuous:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
While	an action happened in the middle of another action someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you don't know whether it was finished or not	was/were + Infinitive + -ing	I was working. He was working. I was going. He was going.	Was I working? Was he working? Was I going? Was he going?
			Examples negative
			I wasn't working. He wasn't working. I wasn'tgoing. He wasn't going.

Complete the table in past progressive.

positive	negative	question
It was raining.
	They were not playing.
		Was I listening?
	Caron was not eating.
You were singing.

Present Perfect:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
just yet never ever already so far, up to now, since for recently	you say that sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present action started in the past and continues up to the present	have/has + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I have worked. He has worked. I have gone. He has gone	Have I worked? Has he worked? Have I gone? Has he gone?
			Examples negative
			I haven't worked. He hasn’t worked. I haven't gone.  He hasn’t gone.

Put the verbs into the correct tense

1-We (prepare / already)…………………………….dinner.

2-He (come / just)…………………………..home.

3-I (see / not)……………………..anyone yet.

4-We (be / not)…………………..to the zoo so far.

5-(you / read)………………………………………. the book yet?

6-How many letters (they / write)………………………………… so far?

Present Perfect continuous:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
all day the whole day how long since for	action began in the past and has just stopped how long the action has been happening emphasis: length of time of an action	have/has + been + Infinitive + -ing	I have been working. He has been working. I have been going. He has been going.	Have I been working? Has he been working? Have I been going? Has he been going?
			Examples negative
			I haven't been working. He hasn't been working. I haven't been going. He hasn't been going.

Write sentences in present perfect progressive.

1.     Kevin / read →

2.     you / TV / watch / all day →

3.     Paul / to the radio / listen / not →

4.     the men / cards / play →

5.      the girls / cycle / not →

Write questions in present perfect progressive.

1.      Carol / shout →

2.      you / dance →

3.      Kevin / run →

4.      they / on the phone / talk / how long →

5.      these books / lie / on the floor / how long →

Past perfect:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
After Before when	Action that happened in the past before another action in the simple past	Had +past   participle	I had written my home work before I went shopping.	Had you written your  home work before you  went shopping ?
			Examples negative
			I hadn't written my home work before I went shopping

Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple

1.      I lost the key that he (give)…………….to me.

2.      She told me that she (see)…………….. a ghost.

3.      I went downstairs because I (hear)………………… a noise.

4.        The waiter served something that we (not / order)…………….

5.      He went to Alaska where he (not / be)………..….. before.

6.      She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear…………….for ages.

Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.

7.      (you / finish)……………your homework before you went to the cinema?

8.      (why / you / clean)…………….the bathroom before you bathed the dog?

9.      (you / have)…………breakfast before you came here?

10. (she / find)………….a place to stay when she went to Boston?

11. (where / she / live)………….before she moved to Chicago

Simple Future:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
Tomorrow Soon Next week Next month Next year	Action that will happen in the future.	Will+infinitive Be+Going to + infinitive	-He will go to Dubai tomorrow. -He is going to travel next week	Will he go to London? Is he going to travel to London ?
			Examples negative
			He will not go to London. He isn't going to travel to London.

Write sentences in future.

1.     he / phone / his girlfriend

o    Positive:…………………..

o     Negative:…………………..

o     Question:…………………..

2.     they / share / a room

o    Positive: ……………

o    Negative:……………..

o    Question:…………….

3.     the boss / sign / the contract

o    Positive:……………

o    Negative:………………….

o    Question:……………..

4.     we / plant / the tree / in the morning

o    Positive:………………

o    Negative:………………

o    Question:………………

Future continuous:

Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples interrogative
At… when	The future continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future. The action will start before that moment but it will not have finished at that moment. the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.	Going to be +  Infinitive + -ing will be +  Infinitive + -ing	You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.	Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
			Examples negative
			You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

Put the verbs into the correct form (future continuous).

1.    At midnight we (sleep)… will be sleeping….

2.    This time next week we (sit)……………….at the beach.

3.    At nine I (watch)………………the news.

4.    Tonight we (cram up)…………….for our English test.

5.    They (dance)……..….….all night.

6.    He (not / play)……....…….all afternoon.

7.    I (not / work)…..….……..all day.

8.    (eat / you)……..….…..at six?

9.    (drive / she)……..……….to London?